e-Governance (Electronic Governance) is the application of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) by the government to deliver public services, exchange information, and conduct transactions with citizens in a transparent, speedy, and efficient manner.
Under the flagship Digital India initiative, citizens can access vital government services 24x7 from their mobile phones or local CSC (Common Service Centres - जन सेवा केंद्र) without visiting government offices.
1. The 4 Models of e-Governance
The interactions in e-Governance are classified into four sectors:
1
G2C (Government to Citizen): Services provided directly to the public (e.g. applying for a Passport, UP Bhulekh land records, voter ID cards).
2
G2B (Government to Business): Services between government and commercial enterprises (e.g. GST filing, corporate taxes, e-Tendering).
3
G2G (Government to Government): Digital communication between different government departments and ministries.
4
G2E (Government to Employee): Services provided to government servants (e.g. employee provident fund passbook, digital salary slips).
2. Major Indian Citizen Portals (CCC Super Important)
A. IRCTC (Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation)
Official web portal: irctc.co.in
Book reserved train tickets, check PNR Status (Passenger Name Record - 10-digit number), inspect train schedules, and book Retiring Rooms.
Features Tatkal ticket booking for urgent travel.
B. Passport Seva Portal (पासपोर्ट सेवा)
Official web portal: passportindia.gov.in
Operated by the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA).
Apply online for fresh passports, submit fees, and schedule biometric appointments at your local Passport Seva Kendra (PSK) or Post Office PSK (POPSK).
C. e-Hospital & eSanjeevani (स्वास्थ्य सेवाएं)
e-Hospital: An online portal by NIC connecting government hospitals across India. Citizens can register online, obtain OPD appointment slips, and view diagnostic blood test reports digitally.
eSanjeevani: Free telemedicine consultation service by the Ministry of Health allowing rural citizens to consult specialized doctors via video call.
D. National Scholarship Portal (NSP - scholarships.gov.in)
Single unified national portal where pre-matric and post-matric students can apply for Central and State government educational scholarships with direct bank transfer (DBT).
E. e-District Uttar Pradesh (edistrict.up.gov.in)
Dedicated portal for UP citizens to obtain verified digital certificates:
Income Certificate (आय प्रमाण पत्र)
Caste Certificate (जाति प्रमाण पत्र)
Domicile Certificate (निवास प्रमाण पत्र)
Birth & Death Certificates (जन्म और मृत्यु प्रमाण पत्र)
Interactive Quiz• Knowledge Check
Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1
What does the acronym "PNR" on an Indian Railway train ticket stand for?
Question 2
Under which e-Governance category does a citizen applying for an Income Certificate online fall?
Question 3
Which official government portal handles online Indian passport applications and appointment booking?
Question 4
What is the National Telemedicine service launched by the Government of India for online doctor consultations called?
Question 5
How many digits are present in an Indian Railways PNR number?
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Using UMANG App and Digital Locker
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