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In computer operating systems, a File Extension is a suffix of 3 or 4 characters appended to the end of a filename following a dot (.).
It serves as an identification badge that tells the Operating System:
In the NIELIT CCC exam, questions testing default extensions of LibreOffice, MS Office, audio, video, and compressed files appear in almost every examination paper!
Pay special attention to the difference between LibreOffice (OpenDocument) and Microsoft Office:
| Application Type | LibreOffice Default Extension (FOSS) | Microsoft Office Default Extension |
|---|---|---|
| Word Processor | .odt (OpenDocument Text) | .docx (Word Document) / .doc (Legacy) |
| Spreadsheet | .ods (OpenDocument Spreadsheet) | .xlsx (Excel Workbook) / .xls (Legacy) |
| Presentation | .odp (OpenDocument Presentation) | .pptx (PowerPoint Presentation) / .ppt |
| Database | .odb (OpenDocument Database) | .accdb / .mdb (Access Database) |
| Drawing / Vector | .odg (OpenDocument Drawing) | N/A |
od followed by the first letter of the document type:
- od + t (Text) $\implies$ .odt
- od + s (Spreadsheet) $\implies$ .ods
- od + p (Presentation) $\implies$ .odp
- od + b (Base / Database) $\implies$ .odb.txt (Plain Text): Raw unformatted text created by Notepad. Consumes minimal storage..rtf (Rich Text Format): Text format supporting basic font styling, colors, and bold text created by WordPad..pdf (Portable Document Format): Developed by Adobe. Universal read-only document format that looks identical on any device, phone, or operating system without altering layout or fonts..jpg / .jpeg (Joint Photographic Experts Group): The standard compressed image format used by digital cameras, smartphones, and web pages. Uses lossy compression..png (Portable Network Graphics): Supports transparent backgrounds (पारदर्शी बैकग्राउंड) and lossless compression. Ideal for logos and web graphics..gif (Graphics Interchange Format): Supports simple looping animations (चोरी-छिपे चलने वाले छोटे वीडियो/एनिमेशन). Limited to 256 colors..bmp (Bitmap Image): Uncompressed, raw raster image created by MS Paint. Very large file size..svg (Scalable Vector Graphics): Vector graphic format based on mathematical formulas; can be zoomed infinitely without losing sharpness or pixelating..mp3 (MPEG Audio Layer III): The global standard compressed digital audio format..wav (Waveform Audio): Uncompressed, studio-quality sound format used in Windows..aac / .m4a: Advanced Audio Coding used by Apple and YouTube..mp4 (MPEG-4): The universal digital multimedia container for video and audio on the web and smartphones..avi (Audio Video Interleave): Classic Windows video format developed by Microsoft..mkv (Matroska Video): High-definition video container supporting multiple subtitle and audio tracks..exe (Executable File): A runnable application program in Windows (e.g. setup.exe)..bat (Batch File): A script file containing a sequence of command-line DOS commands..sys / .dll (System & Dynamic Link Library): Core Windows system files and shared library code..zip / .rar / .7z (Compressed Archives): Containers holding compressed files to save storage and enable easy emailing..pdf stand for?.zip or .rar extension?Continue learning with hands-on practice, examples, and exercises in the upcoming topic.
| Previous Lesson | Next Lesson |
|---|---|
| File and Folder Management | Introduction and Interface Overview |
Test your understanding of this lesson with 5 questions. Each question has one correct answer.