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The List interface represents an ordered sequence of elements that allows duplicates and positional access by index. The two primary implementations are ArrayList and LinkedList.
| Feature | ArrayList | LinkedList |
|---|---|---|
| Underlying Data Structure | Dynamic Resizing Array on heap | Doubly-Linked List of node objects |
Random Access (get(i)) | O(1) Instant (Pointer math) | O(N) Slow (Must traverse from head/tail) |
| Insertion at End | O(1) Amortized | O(1) |
| Insertion at Beginning / Middle | O(N) (Shifts array elements) | O(1) (Once iterator is positioned) |
| Memory Overhead | Very Low (Contiguous array) | Higher (Extra prev/next node references) |
| Recommendation | Default choice for 95% of use cases | Only for high-frequency queues/deques |
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