Exception Handling with try, catch, and throw

Intermediate12 min read•Updated: 2026-10-22

🛡️ Exception Handling with try, catch, and throw

Introduction

Runtime errors (such as network timeouts, missing files, or out-of-range indices) must not cause software to abruptly terminate. C++ provides structured exception handling using try, catch, and throw.

⚡ The Try-Catch Architecture

1#include <iostream>
2#include <string>
3 
4double divideCourseFees(double totalFee, int installments) {
5    if (installments <= 0) {
6        // Throw an exception when an unrecoverable condition occurs
7        throw std::invalid_argument("Installment count must be greater than zero!");
8    }
9    return totalFee / installments;
10}
11 
12int main() {
13    try {
14        std::cout << "2 Installments: ₹" << divideCourseFees(6000.0, 2) << "\n";
15        
16        // This will trigger an exception:
17        std::cout << "0 Installments: ₹" << divideCourseFees(6000.0, 0) << "\n";
18    } catch (const std::invalid_argument& ex) {
19        std::cerr << "[CAUGHT ERROR]: " << ex.what() << "\n";
20    } catch (const std::exception& ex) {
21        std::cerr << "[STANDARD EXCEPTION]: " << ex.what() << "\n";
22    } catch (...) {
23        std::cerr << "[UNKNOWN CRITICAL ERROR CAUGHT]\n";
24    }
25 
26    std::cout << "Program recovered and continuing execution cleanly.\n";
27    return 0;
28}

🌪️ Stack Unwinding & RAII Safety

When an exception is thrown, C++ unwinds the call stack frame by frame. Every stack-allocated object between the throw site and the catch block has its destructor invoked automatically. This guarantees that files are closed and locks released without manual cleanup code.

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Standard Exception Hierarchy (std::exception, std::runtime_error)

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Lambda Expressions: Syntax, Capture Clauses ([=], [&]), and Predicates	Standard Exception Hierarchy (std::exception, std::runtime_error)

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Standard Exception Hierarchy (std::exception, std::runtime_error)

Exception Handling with try, catch, and throw

Intermediate12 min read•Updated: 2026-10-22

Study Materials

🛡️ Exception Handling with try, catch, and throw

Introduction

⚡ The Try-Catch Architecture

1#include <iostream>
2#include <string>
3 
4double divideCourseFees(double totalFee, int installments) {
5    if (installments <= 0) {
6        // Throw an exception when an unrecoverable condition occurs
7        throw std::invalid_argument("Installment count must be greater than zero!");
8    }
9    return totalFee / installments;
10}
11 
12int main() {
13    try {
14        std::cout << "2 Installments: ₹" << divideCourseFees(6000.0, 2) << "\n";
15        
16        // This will trigger an exception:
17        std::cout << "0 Installments: ₹" << divideCourseFees(6000.0, 0) << "\n";
18    } catch (const std::invalid_argument& ex) {
19        std::cerr << "[CAUGHT ERROR]: " << ex.what() << "\n";
20    } catch (const std::exception& ex) {
21        std::cerr << "[STANDARD EXCEPTION]: " << ex.what() << "\n";
22    } catch (...) {
23        std::cerr << "[UNKNOWN CRITICAL ERROR CAUGHT]\n";
24    }
25 
26    std::cout << "Program recovered and continuing execution cleanly.\n";
27    return 0;
28}

🌪️ Stack Unwinding & RAII Safety

Next Lesson

Standard Exception Hierarchy (std::exception, std::runtime_error)

Continue learning with hands-on practice, examples, and exercises in the upcoming topic.

Related Lessons

Previous Lesson	Next Lesson
Lambda Expressions: Syntax, Capture Clauses ([=], [&]), and Predicates	Standard Exception Hierarchy (std::exception, std::runtime_error)

Practice Quiz

Test your understanding of this lesson with 1 questions. Each question has one correct answer.

Previous Next